Define shock and explain the underlying pathophysiology of inadequate oxygen delivery and utilization at the cellular level.
Differentiate the major types of shock including septic, cardiogenic, obstructive, hypovolemic, and neurogenic shock, based on clinical presentation and hemodynamic principles.
Apply bedside assessment tools, laboratory findings, and ultrasound evaluation to identify the physiologic cause of shock and guide emergency management.
Evaluate treatment strategies for shock, including fluid resuscitation, vasopressor use, lactate monitoring, and correction of the underlying hemodynamic abnormality.